Writing Broad Topic And Narrow Topic Examples

Writing Broad Topic And Narrow Topic ExamplesThe need to introduce and draw attention to a wide range of ideas and themes without losing focus on one or two broad topic and narrow topic examples. The ability to frame, divide, and emphasis your thoughts with a few simple words and phrases will help you write and publish your work in an interesting, novel, entertaining, educational, persuasive, and educational way.Broad topic examples are some of the most powerful tools for reaching the widest number of people. They are so powerful that they often seem to overwhelm the reader by leaving them so confused about what the author is trying to say. They also have the ability to inspire many people to want to learn more about what the author is saying. Most readers do not find the need to stay on one page too long after reading the title of a broad topic example, but they do want to read more and think more about what they just read.A good writer who is willing to challenge their audience wit h a broad topic will find that their writing is engaging, entertaining, and educational. This is because the reader is able to see more and want to know more about what the author is trying to communicate. In addition, they may want to learn more about the author's passions and views and be inspired to become more involved in their lives.In the past, if you were to write a broad topic and narrow topic example, it would take you longer to compose the piece than it would take you to write about one specific topic. If you wrote about broad topics for a long period of time, you may find that you get bored with writing about broad topics, but you will always write about some topic for a very short period of time, especially if it is your first experience. This can lead to a person who feels more comfortable writing about a single narrow topic than about any other topic.You should always put thought into your writing and find ways to achieve a wide range of effects while still writing abo ut one narrow topic. For example, if you were to write about climate change, you may want to include facts, figures, statistics, and warnings about the effects of global warming. However, you may want to include all the information in a very brief article and focus on one theme or topic. When you include wide range topics in one article, you can easily incorporate any of the points, stories, and ideas you have.Another thing to consider when writing a wide range of topics in one article is the fact that you should be able to list any points and ideas that you want to share and address the concerns of your audience. This means that you should not just pick a topic that you want to write about. You should look at the theme of the event or activity, see how that theme relates to other things that the audience may be interested in, and then see how the idea or point can be used to encourage people to want to learn more about the event or activity.The best way to have success in writing a nd publishing your articles is to make sure that your broad topic and narrow topic examples will allow the audience to respond. The audience will want to learn more and you will want to provide that information. The writer should use their own voice and use interesting words to communicate a message, and then they should use the audience's response to influence the audience to want to learn more. In addition, they should use the audience's response to form a major theme for the article.Your goal as a writer should be to write a broad topic and narrow topic example that will allow the audience to find the message or point they are looking for. Use the writer's voice and information, use your research, and give them a variety of options to include in their response.

Essay Workkeys - Tips To Help Students Compose Better Essays

<h1>Essay Workkeys - Tips To Help Students Compose Better Essays</h1><p>Writing article laborers is an incredible method to figure out how to compose better papers. Everybody has seen these or in the event that you've at any point done any sort of school assignments, they have taken numerous structures, the most well-known being an article. These laborers are intended to assist understudies with improving their composing capacity and put more idea into the arrangement of the paper.</p><p></p><p>There are a lot of various article laborers that can be found on the planet today. They shift extraordinarily in the materials that they have to finish the task, just as how troublesome the undertaking will be for them.</p><p></p><p>In the occasion that the understudy leaves something to be desired at composing letter work, at that point there are various online assets that will assist them with finishing it. For instance, they can find support from somebody who is really composing this specific kind of letter, just as how to utilize their letters for the requirements of those in a business environment.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide assortment of different laborers that can be discovered on the web, in spite of the fact that postulations are commonly for the individual to do this specific sort of article. There are even exposition laborers where the understudy can discover somebody to come in and compose the paper for them, despite the fact that this is more work than simply tapping on a console. This kind of task for the most part takes around 30 minutes to finish, just as working in some sort of group work.</p><p></p><p>Sometimes, the exposition laborer is truly hard to achieve. This implies an understudy should truly put their mental aptitude to work so as to finish the venture effectively. The exposition specialist is normally extremely long and as a rule will take around two hours to finish.</p><p></p><p>When searching for an article workkey, ensure that the understudy has something to expound on. Ordinarily, theories resemble 'fill in the clear' sorts of laborers, however there are some that depend on a point zone that the understudy needs to discuss.</p><p></p><p>Some of the article laborers will likewise require a conversation with the peruser, where the understudy needs to attempt to make the peruser consider the topic. The articles for the most part have an idea of the point talked about, which permits the understudy to think of an answer on the spot.</p><p></p><p>When searching for paper workkeys, one thing to remember is that multiple occasions, an understudy should work with a gathering. At the point when this occurs, the understudy must check whether the gathering has enough individuals, with the goal that they can begin working together.</p>

Essay Topics About Ancient History

<h1>Essay Topics About Ancient History</h1><p>Ancient history is a well known subject for some paper points. Numerous individuals will have a comparative topic in all their years, which can make it a smart thought to pick this sort of exposition subject for your school essays.</p><p></p><p>Ancient history is the field of history that covers numerous timeframes. The dates and different circumstances that may happen during the time of the history can be hard to comprehend for certain understudies. This is the reason it is significant for any understudy to look whatsoever of the choices accessible for an article theme about antiquated history.</p><p></p><p>There are a wide range of explanations behind picking an exposition about old history. One explanation behind picking an article about old history is that it permits the understudy to dig into a topic that they are energetic about. A few understudies might be keen on th emes, for example, religion, reasoning, culture, legislative issues, science, or even history. These subjects furnish the understudy with an extraordinary opportunity to associate with an exposition point that they love.</p><p></p><p>Another explanation behind picking a paper about old history is on the grounds that it will permit the understudy to increase a comprehension of the occasions that have occurred consistently. For instance, if the understudy investigates occasions in old Rome, they will locate that numerous things are like the cutting edge occasions. This permits the understudy to increase a more profound comprehension of the occasions that occurred in old times.</p><p></p><p>An intriguing thing about composing a paper about antiquated history is that it is regularly testing. A portion of the subjects that will show up in old history incorporate topics like religion, reasoning, and governmental issues. These subjects are si gnificant pieces of the regular day to day existences of most people.</p><p></p><p>These topics can frequently befuddle a few understudies, so it is imperative to take a gander at paper points that identify with one or these themes. Topics about way of thinking regularly include a presentation that incorporates a conversation of how the psyche functions. Subjects identified with religion incorporate things like creation, which include various kinds of individuals and their perspectives on the world.</p><p></p><p>The various sorts of occasions that happen in history can likewise make the points be confused. A portion of the subjects are turning out to be progressively disputable, for example, those identifying with what is known as the 'War of the Roses.' This occasion is an incredible case of a theme that has entangled things for some individuals over the years.</p><p></p><p>Some of the best article points for e xpositions about old history are the ones that are not very troublesome. Remember that the antiquated history isn't in every case straightforward. It might require the understudy to audit certain things before and this can be troublesome, however this is an ideal open door for the understudy to associate with an article theme that they will enjoy.</p>

Writing a Successful Academic Research Paper

<h1>Writing a Successful Academic Research Paper</h1><p>Academic look into papers are essentially a piece of school and school educational program. At the point when you're composing a scholarly research paper, it's extremely significant that you go about it the correct way. You ought to follow this guide so as to compose your examination paper successfully.</p><p></p><p>So, what are the essential tips that you should know about so as to compose your scholarly research paper? Most importantly, you should ensure that you pick a point that is intriguing. This implies the subject ought to be something that merits inquiring about or pondering. Pick a subject that is extremely captivating yet not complicated.</p><p></p><p>The next fundamental principle that you ought to consistently recollect is to attempt to keep your examination as succinct as could reasonably be expected. You need to make your examination as straight for ward as could be expected under the circumstances. On the off chance that you can make your exploration as straightforward as could reasonably be expected, at that point you will have the option to improve your odds of having a superior evaluation for your examination paper.</p><p></p><p>Another decide that you should know about when you're composing an exploration paper is to keep your composing basic. This implies you would prefer not to dive into a lot of detail or diverge a lot from your subject. On the off chance that you keep your composing basic, you'll see that your work will be simpler to peruse and comprehend.</p><p></p><p>The last guideline that you have to remember when you're composing an examination paper is to remain objective. Remember that it's in every case great to remain target when you're composing an exploration paper. Likewise with whatever else, you should attempt to keep your exploration as impartial as could r easonably be expected. All things considered, in the event that you are composing a paper for school, you would prefer not to put on a show of being one-sided or unduly affected by the individuals that you're talking to.</p><p></p><p>A basic mix-up that numerous individuals make when they're composing a scholarly research paper is to offer their input regarding the matter. Before you even beginning inquiring about, you ought to think about whether you should let others have the ability to choose whether or not your sentiment is right. Research and read a lot of books on the subject of your paper, yet don't let others influence you to make your sentiment the just one out there.</p><p></p><p>Avoid offering out your input regarding a matter too soon all the while. You ought to do this when you're simply beginning all the while. You should hold up until you've completed your first draft and realize that you're totally prepared to begin sha ring your opinions.</p><p></p><p>Hopefully you have a superior thought of how to compose a scholarly research paper. This is in no way, shape or form a bit by bit guide or outline, however basically a rule. Utilizing these thoughts, you ought to have the option to compose your examination paper with no issues at all.</p>

Biology Extended Essay Samples - Important Points To Consider

<h1>Biology Extended Essay Samples - Important Points To Consider</h1><p>When you are doing your science expanded exposition tests, ensure that you select just those examples that will assist you with finishing the assignments you are required to do. On the off chance that you choose to go out and search for them all alone, you may wind up with either deficient or even off base solutions to your article prerequisites. You may likewise end up rehashing portions of the task over so as to accomplish a satisfactory evaluation. This is a typical issue that you ought to maintain a strategic distance from if at all possible.</p><p></p><p>Instead, you ought to consider utilizing a help that will give you an assortment of test papers. There are a few things that you should search for when you are picking a support of help you with the assignments you are required to take. In this article, I will talk about the absolute most significant things that you should search for when you are choosing an assistance. After you have wrapped up this article, you ought to have the option to settle on an educated choice about which administration you ought to use.</p><p></p><p>For starters, you ought not need to pay to utilize the example papers that they furnish you with. The expenses that they charge you for utilization of the examples are very sensible, particularly considering the way that they will assist you with responding to the entirety of your inquiries just as furnish you with various other example papers to utilize when you need them. In the event that you don't get something for nothing, you ought to consider that there is no expense to you.</p><p></p><p>The tests that they furnish you with should all be of a high caliber and ought not be altered at all. It would be an extremely poorly conceived notion to pay somebody to fashion your answers or to change the papers with the goal that you don't get a good evaluation. Be cautious who you decide to give you these samples.</p><p></p><p>The test papers that they offer you should all be fundamentally the same as and incorporate the entirety of the appropriate responses that you need so as to get a passing evaluation. There's nothing more awful than rehashing something you definitely know. The most exceedingly awful part about rehashing something is that you may not be certain what you should do with the information.</p><p></p><p>In expansion to offering you with great examples that don't require a lot of work, you ought to likewise have the option to get your inquiries replied by somebody who is knowledgeable about the field of science broadened paper. On the off chance that you don't know any individual who is a science educator or a cultivated scholar, at that point you might need to consider utilizing an assistance that will assist you with the assignments that you ar e required to take. This will help you get everything that you need, however it will likewise assist you with keeping away from mistakes while finishing the assignments.</p><p></p><p>Finally, you ought to have the option to get the entirety of the example papers that you need inside one month of pursuing the administration. This is particularly evident on the off chance that you decide to utilize an assistance that is totally electronic. On the off chance that you are as yet utilizing an outside source to assist you with your articles, at that point you may need to hold up weeks or even a long time before you can get the example papers that you need.</p><p></p><p>It is significant that you select a help that will assist you with your science broadened exposition. Regardless of whether you needn't bother with whatever else from the administration, it is a smart thought to utilize it to assist you with addressing your inquiries and assis t you with picking up involvement with the field of science. On the off chance that you utilize the support of help you with your assignments, at that point you will be in a superior situation to respond to the entirety of your inquiries and complete the entirety of your assignments.</p>

Observation Essay Ideas - How to Answer Questions on the Community

Observation Essay Ideas - How to Answer Questions on the CommunityWhen a student is finishing their high school, they are often given observation essay ideas. This is an assignment that is intended to evaluate the student's performance in school. In addition, this is an essay that is supposed to be based on the student's own experience as well as information gathered from other students.In some cases, the student's own insight is going to come out. In some instances, however, the student's views may be formed through some study or discussing with classmates or friends.One great source of information on this subject would be the reading of the newspaper. Many parents know that children read the newspaper regularly. The newspaper often provides great insight into the general society and any problems that may be present in that society. Children are sometimes exposed to many things through newspapers and other media.In the real world, problems and issues tend to be too big for a single person to deal with. It is not uncommon for parents and teachers to have meetings to help children deal with these problems. The intention of these meetings is to make sure that the child learns more about their own social interactions and they also get help in dealing with these problems. Often, the child will learn that the problem they are dealing with is not just limited to the school environment.Sometimes, students that receive bad grades will feel as though they have failed and are not going to be allowed to continue in education courses. For those students, an assignment such as observation essay ideas may help them get their grades back on track. However, for the students that may already be in trouble, an assignment such as this will not be of much help.This is because the objective of this assignment is to assess the student's English skills. Students are not allowed to give opinions on people or other activities in their local area, but rather are only supposed to give th eir own experiences.If students are allowed to speak about their own observations, it is much easier for them to communicate what they see in the community. It helps to have individuals form a public forum so that they can exchange their opinions on different aspects of the world around them.

The Mind / Brain Identity Theory - 1718 Words

A person relates to the world through different mental and corporeal experiences. The former is associated with one having a (non-physical) mind, which contains beliefs, desires, feelings and so on, while the latter involves having a (physical) brain. The Mind/Body problem questions whether the mind and brain are the same or different objects. For a long time, the interpretation of these experiences has been much debated by philosophers and scientists. One influential interpretation is Descartes’s Dualism of substances, which became one of the most lasting legacies in his philosophy. However, a scientifically stronger interpretation was advanced through the Mind/Brain Identity theory. Prior to discussing how Elliott Sober’s presentation of the Identity Theory is philosophically stronger than Dualism, I will begin by evaluating the philosophical perspective of Dualism; I will examine the distinction between mental and physical substance and assess the strengths of duali sm. I will also attempt to show the subsequent problems that rise from such distinction and some of the prominent reasons for why Dualism do not hold weight against the Identity Theory. Dualism being the brainchild of Rà ©ne Descartes was subsequently labeled as Cartesian Dualism. This theory holds that one possesses an entity called the soul, which can exist independently of the body (the soul can be translated to the mind). Descartes argues that there are two fundamentally different kinds of substances, oneShow MoreRelatedThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1096 Words   |  5 Pagesof the mind have been made for and against, whether or not the mind and the brain are the same entity. The mind-brain identity theory is the view that the mind is the brain and that mental states are brain states (Mandik 77). Therefore, we can identify sensations and other mental processes with physical brain processes (Blutner 4). I argue, that the mind is not identical to the brain, and the conceivable idea of zombies, as well as the multiple realizability argument, can disprove this theory. InRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1371 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy October 29, 2015 In this paper, I will argue that the Mind-Brain Identity Theory provides sufficient grounds to accept Epicurus’ argument for death being annihilation. I will argue my thesis by referring to Peter Carruthers’ The Mind Is the Brain to establish that one’s mental states are in fact brain states and will also refer to Epicurus’ Death is Nothing to Us. Next, I will explain that if one accepts the Identity Theory then one should also accept, as Epicurus argues, that death shouldRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory1689 Words   |  7 Pagesargument that dealt a â€Å"considerable blow† to the Mind-Brain Identity Theory—a theory developed by J.C.C Smart—in which he [Putnam] stated â€Å"mental states are multiply realizable.† His argument is driven by functionalism. His functionalist account of mental states like pain differs from what is explained by the Mind-Brain Identity Theory. In turn, he also avoids the issue of multiple real izability, an issue that was proven to be problematic for the Identity Theory. This leads into John Searle s argument againstRead MoreThe Mind Brain Identity Theory Essay1977 Words   |  8 Pages The mind is a complex myriad of thoughts and psychological systems that even philosophers today cannot entirely grapple. It is composed of the senses, feelings, perceptions, and a whole series of other components. However, the mind is often believed to be similar or even the same as the brain. This gives rise to the mind-brain identity theory, and whether there exists a clear distinction between the physical world and the non-material mind. In this paper, I will delineate the similarities and differencesRead MoreThe Mind Body Identity Theory1668 Words   |  7 Pagesnature of a human person; this has lead to various theories and speculation about the nature of the human mind and body. The question they are tying to answer is whether a human being is made of only the physical, body and br ain, or both the physical or the mental, mind. In this paper I will focus on the mind-body Identity Theory to illustrate that it provides a suitable explanation for the mind and body interaction. Identity Theory Identity theorists hold the view that the mental events are nothingRead MoreThe Theory And Identity Theory, And Deal With The Multiple Realisability Argument1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdefinitive solution is yet to be found that universally satisfies the problem of mind brain identity. The most logical answer comes in the form of monism. Therefore in this paper I will argue that the mind and the brain are identical, as the mind exists only as a property of the brain. David Lewis and D.M Armstrong give support for the causal relationship between mind and brain states in the form of the identity theory, and deal with the multiple realisability argument provided by Hillary Putman. GottlobRead MoreUsing Material From Smart And Armstrong1378 Words   |  6 Pageshoc basis I will attempt first, explain what â€Å"Mental states are identical to physical brain states† means in philosophical context. Second, I will explain the motivations of the type-identity thesis (Occam s Razor, and explanation of the casual efficiency of mental states) using material from Smart and Armstrong. Third, I will go onto examining type-identity thesis merits (how it solves Descartes problem of mind and body and how it allows us to derive the casual role of mental phenomena) and drawbacksRead MoreThe Brain And Mind Identity1608 Words   |  7 Pagesis more mysterious than the human mind but without the brain how do you have a mind? The brain sends and receives information by electrical impulses around the human body allowing us to see, move, feel, hear and think. If the brain is removed from the human body these impulses will cease, thus there will be no mind. Philosophers like Place, Smart, and Armstrong support this claim through the notion of identify theory and type physicalism. Brain and mind identity is a very controversial topic withRead MoreThe Identity Theory Of Mind1385 Words   |  6 PagesThe development of the Identity Theory of Mind is representative of materialist p hilosophy’s shift towards questions of human consciousness. Within philosophical and scientific circles, discussions of the mind and body have supplanted discussions of what constitutes the world around us. Staggering technological innovation, alongside the establishment of superior of scientific research methodologies, has given rise to this philosophical trend – Identity Theory is, indeed, the culmination of this trendRead MorePhilosophy Of Rene Descartes860 Words   |  4 Pagesstems another critical part of his philosophy which states that the mind and the body are two separate substances. This concept is called dualism. Minds are indestructible and indivisible. Bodies are destructible and divisible (Searle, 2004). Descartes claims that the mind and the body are connected in the sense that the body is an extension of the mind. Moreover, the reduction of consciousness to a bodily state is impossible. The mind, according Descartes, is able to exist on its, own separ ate from

Business and Corporations Law Contract Act

Question: Discuss about the Reort for Business and Corporations Law of Contract Act. Answer: 1. Issue To ascertain the existence of consideration and enforceable agreement for Jack based on the information provided Law In order for an enforceable agreement to be enacted, there must be the presence of an offer and an acceptance and both must be legally valid. An offer is communicated by the offeror to the offeree and the offeree may decide to accept it, reject it or provide conditional acceptance (Carter, 2012). It is imperative that the decision to accept on the part of the offeree must be communicated to the offeror as mental acceptance does not amount to acceptance (Felthouse v Bindley (1862)). Further, any acceptance that has significant conditions attached is referred to as counter offer and hence would require acceptance from the original offeror (Harvey, 2009). Further, an imperative element that needs to be present in enforceable contracts is consideration. This concept helps in identifying gratuitous promises since these promises have no consideration present. As defined in Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd v Selfridge Co Ltd (1915), consideration refers to a promise of action of restraining from a particular action and acts as the compensation foe buying the promise of the other party. The presence of consideration is an essential element for contract formation (Richard, 2003). However, it is imperative that consideration must satisfy certain norms that are detailed below (Taylor Taylor, 2015). The consideration must not be a favour or action done in the past but should be acts that would be performed either in the present or future (Lampleigh v Braithwait (1615)). It is not imperative that consideration should be adequate. The only requisite condition is that it should have some value. The adequacy of value is the subjective judgement of the contracting parties as established in the verdict of the Chappell Co Ltd v Nestl Co Ltd (1960) case. In this case, it was opined that the consideration amount and nature is the will of the promisee and no third party should dwell into evaluation of the same. However, in case of certain contracts where unconscionable conduct is suspected, there the question with regards to adequacy of consideration may be raised (Paterson, Robertson Duke, 2015). The consideration may not be adequate but it should be sufficient as defined in legal terms. If the sufficiency clause with regards to consideration is not met, it essentially implies that no consideration is present and hence the underlying contract is rendered legally non-enforceable (Gibson Fraser, 2014). The consideration promised should be legal and definite in value. Any consideration which is indefinite in value would not be constituted as consideration. Application The given situations need to be analysed in the wake of the relevant provisions related to contract law and common law that have been discussed above pertaining to agreement and consideration. Jane, the offeror makes an offer to Jack, the offeree with regards to offering her Lotus Super 7 Sports car for free since she is going overseas. Jack provides unconditional acceptance for this offer extended by Jane. Besides, it is given that the market value of the vehicle at the time of this offer was $ 25,000. Jack, in this case does not have an enforceable agreement in place since for the promisor i.e. Jane, there is no consideration that is present as is not extracting any money or in kind compensation for giving her car to the promise or Jack. In the absence of consideration, the given promise would be termed as a gratuitous promise and these promises lack legal enforceability. As a result, it may be concluded that in this case, there is no enforceable agreement for Jack. Jane, the offeror makes an offer to Jack, the offeree with regards to offering her Lotus Super 7 Sports car for $ 25,000 since she is going overseas. Jack provides unconditional acceptance for this offer extended by Jane. Besides, it is given that the market value of the vehicle at the time of this offer was $ 25,000. In the given case, Jack has an enforceable agreement with regards to sale of car. This is because a valid offer was made by Jane to sell her car to which unconditional acceptance was tendered by Jack. Further, consideration for the promisor exists which is equal to the market value. As a result, it may be concluded that in this case, that Jack has an enforceable agreement. Jane, the offeror makes an offer to Jack, the offeree with regards to offering her Lotus Super 7 Sports car for $ 2,500 since she is going overseas. Jack provides unconditional acceptance for this offer extended by Jane. Besides, it is given that the market value of the vehicle at the time of this offer was $ 25,000. In the given case, Jack has an enforceable agreement with regards to sale of car. This is in line with the arguments extended in the Chappell Co Ltd v Nestl Co Ltd (1960) case where it was clearly stated that the adequacy of consideration is to be decided solely by the parties enacting the contract. Extending the arguments, here the offer of $ 2,500 is made by Jane only and the same does not seem to arise from any unconscionable conduct on the part of Jack. Thus, there is no denying here that consideration is indeed present. Further, the essential elements of an agreement i.e. offer and acceptance, are also present. Thus, Jack has an enforceable agreement with Jane for purchase of the given car for $ 2,500. Conclusion The above discussion indicates that legally valid agreement requires that offer and acceptance must be present that should be provided with consent. Further, presence of consideration serves to segregate the enforceable promises from gratuitous promises. Only in one case i.e. when Jane offers car for free, Jack does not has an enforceable agreement. In both other cases, irrespective of the consideration adequacy, Jack has an enforceable agreement in place. 2. Issue To opine with regards to the likely outcome of the buyers attempt of recovery of $ 3 million worth of excess payment after nine months of contract completion. Law One of the key conditions for enactment of a legally enforceable contract is the presence of free and mutual consent on part of both the parties. This is not only applicable for the execution of the initial contract but also holds true for subsequent modifications for the contract. Also, any modifications made in the contract needs to be consented by both contracting parties which typically require that significant consideration has to be present for both parties (Davenport Parker, 2014). However, if any contract or modifications to the same are enacted against the will of the other party, then this situation amounts to duress. It refers to the pressure that a person experiences on the behest of the other party with the intention of coercing the person into performance of any action which in the absence of pressure, the party would not have agreed (Taylor Taylor, 2015). It is noteworthy that duress is different from the concept the undue influence deployed in civil law. Duress is a defence available under common law whereby the party in a superior position abuses the position for to pose threats for the other party and thereby violate the principle of voluntary agreement for legal contract formation (Carter, 2012). With regards to contract law, there are two broad types of duress (Paterson, Robertson Duke, 2015). Physical Duress Economic Duress In cases of physical duress, threats of physical nature and violence are given with regards to the person or the goods which in turn forces the party to provide agreement with the demands. Initially, the court only took cognizance of physical duress (Harvey, 2009). However, in the Occidental Worldwide Investment Corporation v Skibs (The Sibeon The Sibotre)[1976] 1 Lloyds Rep 293 case, the principle of economic duress was taken in consideration for the first time and thus this case acted as a landmark decision in this regard. It essentially refers to the presence of economic pressure for compelling the party into agreement with demands that it would not have otherwise agreed to (Lindgren, 2011). The various elements of economic duress are highlighted below (Gibson Fraser, 2014). There is presence of wrongful threat which includes the threat of breaching contract to be executed in bad faith. There is no alternative available for the party but to agree with the demands of the other party. The threat effectively amounts to enactment of the contract which takes into consideration the situational factors. Financial distress is brought upon the other party. A relevant case in this regard is North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979] QB 705. As per this case, the claimant entered into a contract with the defendant for building a ship for a specified amount in USD. Post the contract enactment, there was a devaluation of the USD by 10% which enhanced the cost for the builder (i.e. defendant). The defendant asked for additional 10% payment from the claimant and threatened to breach the contract in case of non-compliance with the request. Meanwhile, the claimant had got an attractive charter for the ship and therefore needed that the ship be delivered on time. As a result, the claimant reluctantly agreed to the defendants request. However, after eight months had elapsed from the date of delivery of ship, the claimant initiated legal proceedings to recover the excess payment made earlier (Carter, 2012). The judge opined that indeed there were elements of economic duress and hence it was voidable but the fact that c laimant had delayed their claim for so long implies that have effectively provided confirmation to the contract (Harvey, 2009). Hence, the claimant could not recover the excess payment made under duress. Application In the given case, North Ocean Tankers entered into a contract with a shipbuilder for the building of tanker. The contract price was negotiated in USD and the contract did not have any clauses dealing with currency fluctuation. After the execution of contract, the USD was devalued by 10% which caused the builder to demand $ 3 million as additional compensation. North Ocean Tankers (NOT) did not agree with this claim but due to unfair threat of contract breach, additional payment was agreed to. NOT had negotiated a lucrative charter for the proposed tanker and thus could not afford any delay in delivery. However, after nine months of delivery, NOT wishes to recover the excess payment made to the builder. It is apparent from the discussion of the relevant law that economic duress is present here. This is because NOT protested against the excess payment and were not legally entitled to make the payment. However, owing to economic threat of breaching the contract in unfair manner became the enabling force of providing consent for the additional payment. In the absence of this threat, the company would surely not have made additional payment of $ 3 million as the same was not driven from the contractual obligations. Further, the forced agreement to make the excess payment by NOT effectively resulted in contractual relations. Thus, it may be concluded that revised contract was indeed voidable at the behest of the company i.e. NOT. However, in light of the verdict of the North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction (The Atlantic Baron)[1979] QB 705, the company i.e. NOT would not be able to recover the excess payment of $ 3 million as the delay in demanding the same has effectively led to c onfirmation of contract. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion, that the revised contract with the excess payment clause was voidable at the behest of the company but due to the delay in making the demand for recovery of this payment, the payment becomes irrecoverable. In case, the recovery process could have been initiated earlier, the company may have succeeded in recovering the excess payment of $ 3 million. References Carter, J 2012, Contract Act in Australia, 3rd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Davenport, S Parker, D 2014, Business and Law in Australia, 2nd eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Gibson, A Fraser, D 2014. Business Law, 8th eds., Pearson Publications, Sydney Harvey, C. 2009, Foundations of Australian law. 3rd eds., Tilde University Press, Prahran, Victoria Lindgren, KE 2011, Vermeesch and Lindgren's Business Law of Australia, 12th eds., LexisNexis Publications, Sydney Paterson, J, Robertson, A Duke, A 2015, Principles of Contract Law, 5th eds., Thomson Reuters, Sydney Richard S 2003, The Modern Law of Contract, 5th eds., Cavendish, London Taylor, R Taylor, D 2015, Contract Law, 5th eds., Oxford University Press, London